Migrants rest on board the Sea Watch 3 off the coast of Siracusa, Italy, on January 27 2019. Picture: REUTERS/GUGLIELMO MANGIAPANE
The EU has since tightened its external borders and asylum laws, as well as giving aid to non-EU states on the eastern and southern rim of the Mediterranean to help them contain migration to Europe. UN data shows irregular sea arrivals from the Middle East and North Africa dropped from more than one-million in 2015 to about 141,500 people in 2018. Fewer than 23,000 refugees and migrants have made it across the sea to Europe so far in 2019.
"[EU member states] have adopted laws, policies and practices that have often been contrary to their legal obligations to ensure effective search and rescue operations, the prompt and safe disembarkation and treatment of rescued people, and the prevention of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment," the rights watchdog said in a report on Tuesday.
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