By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaMay 23 2024Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study published in JAMA, researchers determined whether patient involvement in cancer trials is associated with improved survival rates compared to regular therapy.
Cancer trial reviews from the 1990s have reported inconsistent evidence that patient involvement improves survival rates. Likewise, systematic literature reviews in different illness categories have not indicated that individuals participating in clinical trials had improved outcomes as compared to those receiving standard care.
The treatment effect was defined as the effect of participating in trials on study outcomes regulated by intervention allocation. The participation effect was that of clinical trial participation unmediated by allotment to the intervention. Combining both treatment and participation effects yielded trial effects, which comprised differences in outcomes between regular care recipients and trial participants as measured by trial participation.
Studies using HRs to compare overall survival between the trial participant group and those receiving standard care and trials that treated cancer patients with pharmacological or biologic therapy were also included in the analysis. Studies that investigated indirect interventions or surgical procedures, letters, editorials, comments, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded from the analysis.
Study findings Initially, the researchers identified 12,791 records, 3,094 of which were duplicates, and 9,523 that were excluded after title-abstract screening. After applying eligibility criteria, the researchers analyzed 39 studies, which included 85 comparisons between standard care recipients and trial participants. The median sample sizes for the trial participant and standard care patient groups were 209 and 409, respectively.
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