How college admissions will change in America after the Supreme Court knocked down affirmative action

College leaders have been girding themselves for the decision since October when the justices heard oral arguments in cases filed by Students for Fair Admissions challenging the use of race-conscious admissions policies at the University of North Carolina and Harvard University.

Roberts added: “At the same time, nothing prohibits universities from considering an applicant’s discussion of how race affected the applicant’s life, so long as that discussion is concretely tied to a quality of character or unique ability that the particular applicant can contribute to the university.”

“If the thing you care about is race then the thing that works best is race,” she said. “Everything else is a proxy. Every step removed that you do adds in an error.” Kim Cook, the chief executive officer of the National College Attainment Network, which works with colleges, community-based organizations, public school systems and others to increase the number of low-income and other underrepresented students in colleges, said her organization is encouraging colleges to look beyond the high schools and communities from which they typically recruit.

The University of California system has spent more than $500 million since 1998, shortly after affirmative action was banned in the state, on just one of its race-neutral efforts, programs to target students in disadvantaged schools for increased opportunities for college preparation and college planning, according to a friend of the court brief filed by the University of California in a previous affirmative action case.

“The reason institutions prioritize someone who has demonstrated interest is because it increases the yield,” Voight said, referring to the share of accepted students who decide to enroll at a college. Yield can be a factor in college rankings, Voight said, which may be why some schools feel pressure to give a leg up to students who show they’re interested in enrolling.

Research on Harvard admissions data that became available as part of the case, indicates that getting rid of preferences for legacies and athletes would decrease the number of white students admitted to the school with little change or increase in the number of Black, Hispanic and Asian American students admitted. Still, that increase in diversity isn’t enough to offset the decreases in diversity that would come from a ban on affirmative action.

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