Omega-3 supplements did not reduce fractures during a median 5.3-year follow-up in the more than 25,000 generally healthy men and women in theThe large randomized controlled trial tested whether omega-3 fatty acid or vitamin D supplements prevented cardiovascular disease or cancer in a representative sample of midlife and older adults from 50 US states — which they did not.
However, these subgroup findings need to be interpreted with caution and may be due to chance, LeBoff warned. The researchers will be investigating these findings in further analyses.Asked whether, in the meantime, patients should start or keep taking supplements for possible health benefits, she noted that certain individuals might benefit.
The current study tells us that,"so far, we haven't been able to demonstrate a reduced rate of fractures with fish oil supplements in clinical randomized trials" conducted in relatively healthy and not the oldest patients, she summarized."We're not talking about 80-year-olds," she noted. Preclinical studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids reduce bone resorption and have anti-inflammatory effects, but observational studies have reported conflicting findings.VITAL enrolled a national sample of 25,871 US men and women, including 5106 Black participants, with a mean age of 67 and a mean BMI of 28 kg/mImportantly, participants were not recruited by low bone density, fractures, or vitamin D deficiency.
Participants in the omega-3 fatty acid and placebo groups had similar baseline characteristics. For example, about half were women, and on average, they ate 1.1 servings of dark-meat fish per week.Plasma omega-3 levels were measured at baseline and, in 1583 participants, at 1 year of follow-up. The mean omega-3 index rose 54.7% in the omega-3 fatty acid group and changed < 2% in the placebo group at 1 year.
After excluding digit, skull, and pathologic fractures, there was no significant reduction in total fractures , nonvertebral fractures , or hip fractures , with omega-3 supplements versus placebo.
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